LA AXARQUÍA
- ALACAUCIN INFORMATION
Located on the side of the Sierra Tejera, overlooking the Axarquia
area, Periana Corridor and Zafarraya Gap, the village affords spectacular
views as far as the coast.
Remains of Neanderthal man were found here, but the first real settlement
did not appear here until Moslem times, as proven by the remains of
Zalia Fortress.
It displays the typical characteristics of the Axarquia cities, with
its steep, narrow streets lined with white houses.
Places worth visiting include El Tajo de la Cueva, El Moron de la
Cuña, La Loma de la Monjas and Las Majadas.
History
The municipal boundaries of Alcaucin, which stands in the foothills
of the Sierra Tejeda, stretch as far as the border with the province
of Granada, the border being marked out by a series of mountains which
provide access to the Axarquia area via the natural pass of El Boquete
de Zafarraya. This pass has, since time immemorial, played a key role
in the history of the settlers of the adjacent territories; in fact,
archaeological excavations carried out in 1983 point to human presence
in the area over 30,000 years ago: remains were discovered of the
jawbone of a male Homo Sapiens -better known as Neanderthal Man- from
the Le Moustier era of the mid Palaeolithic era. Other prehistoric
remains found near El Boquete de Zafarraya are: the caves of Cueva
de los Guaicos and Abrigo de El Espino, both of which belong to the
Neolithic period, and evidence of a Bronze Age settlement in the 2nd
century A.D. at Cerro de La Negreta.
Proof of the strategic importance of the area, and of its key role
in connecting the coast with the interior, is “Zalia Castle”,
located on the plateau of the same name, which dates back to Phoenician
times. The Arabs equipped this defensive emplacement with the elements
that, even in its current ruined state, are still visible today. The
last stage in the castle’s history began in 1569, when, in the
wake of morisco (Moslem convert to Christianity) revolts and uprisings,
it became a prison administered by the Bishopric and subversive Moors
or those suspected of participating in the rebellion were incarcerated
here.
The city’s present-day name comes from the Arabic alqausin,
meaning bow, and, in the opinion of some authors, could be a reference
to the fact that the village was famous for producing these weapons.
Both the city and nearby Zalia Castle were conquered by the Catholic
Monarchs in 1485.
Another outstanding event in the annals of the town’s history,
and one which is part of the village elders’ folklore, is the
major earthquake which occurred on Christmas Day 1884, the epicentre
of which was in the Sierra Tejeda, razing most of the North of the
Axarquia to the ground and causing serious damage and deaths. Accounts
state that rescue and aid operations were made extremely difficult
by the heavy snow which fell in the area around the same time.
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